Volcanoes and Volcanic Activity
Physics ⇒ Earth and Space Physics
Volcanoes and Volcanic Activity starts at 7 and continues till grade 12.
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Describe how the tilt and seismic activity of a volcano can be used to predict eruptions.
Describe the main differences between shield volcanoes and composite volcanoes.
Describe the process of magma formation beneath mid-ocean ridges.
Describe the relationship between plate tectonics and the global distribution of volcanoes.
Explain how subduction zones lead to the formation of volcanoes.
Explain how volcanic eruptions can contribute to the formation of fertile soils.
Explain the role of pressure in the formation and eruption of magma.
Explain why volcanic ash can disrupt air travel.
If a volcano erupts and releases 1.5 × 1012 kg of ash into the atmosphere, and the ash spreads over an area of 3 × 106 km2, what is the average ash deposit per square kilometer?
Name the three main types of volcanic materials ejected during an eruption.
A geophysicist measures an increase in the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from a volcano. Explain how this observation can be used to assess the likelihood of an impending eruption.
A volcano emits 2.0 × 109 kg of lava at a temperature of 1200 °C. If the specific heat capacity of lava is 1.0 kJ/kg·K, calculate the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of the lava from 25 °C to 1200 °C.
A volcano has a magma chamber located 5 km below the surface. If the density of the overlying rock is 2,700 kg/m3 and g = 9.8 m/s2, calculate the pressure exerted by the overlying rock on the magma chamber. (Give your answer in Pascals.)
Describe the process of how volcanic lightning is generated during an explosive eruption.
Explain how the energy released during a volcanic eruption can be estimated using the mass of erupted material and the gravitational potential energy formula. Assume the average height of ejection is h and the mass of material is m.
Explain how the presence of water in subducting oceanic plates influences the melting point of mantle rocks and the formation of magma.
